A measure of the percentage of red blood cells in the blood.

Significance: Low haematocrit can indicate anaemia or other conditions that affect red blood cell production, while high haematocrit can indicate dehydration or other conditions.

The average amount of haemoglobin in each red blood cell.

Significance: Low MCH can indicate iron-deficiency anaemia or other conditions that affect haemoglobin production, while high MCH can indicate vitamin B12 or folate deficiency.

The average concentration of haemoglobin in each red blood cell.

Significance: Low MCHC can indicate iron-deficiency anaemia or other conditions that affect haemoglobin production.

The average size of red blood cells.

Significance: Low MCV can indicate iron-deficiency anaemia or other conditions that affect red blood cell production, while high MCV can indicate vitamin B12 or folate deficiency or other conditions.

The number of red blood cells in the blood.

Significance: Low red blood cell count can indicate anaemia or other conditions that affect red blood cell production, while high red blood cell count can indicate dehydration or other conditions.

A type of white blood cell.

Significance: High basophil count can indicate allergies or other conditions.

A type of white blood cell.

Significance: High eosinophil count can indicate allergies, parasitic infections, or other conditions.

A type of white blood cell.

Significance: Low lymphocyte count can indicate infections or other conditions that affect immune function, while high lymphocyte count can indicate infections, autoimmune diseases, or other conditions.

A type of white blood cell.

Significance: High monocyte count can indicate infections, autoimmune diseases, or other conditions.

A type of white blood cell.

Significance: High neutrophil count can indicate infections, inflammation, or other conditions, while low neutrophil count can indicate bone marrow disorders, viral infections, or other conditions.

The total number of white blood cells in the blood.

Significance: High white blood cell count can indicate infections, inflammation, or other conditions, while low white blood cell count can indicate bone marrow disorders, viral infections, or other conditions.

The total number of platelets in the blood.

Significance: Low platelet count can indicate bleeding disorders, viral infections, or other conditions, while high platelet count can indicate clotting disorders or other conditions.

A protein that stores iron in the body.

Significance: Low ferritin levels can indicate iron deficiency, while high levels can indicate iron overload or inflammation.

Low-density lipoprote in (LDL) cholesterol, also known as “bad” cholesterol.

Significance: High LDL cholesterol can increase the risk of heart disease and stroke, while low LDL cholesterol is generally not a concern.

High-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, also known as “good” cholesterol.

Significance: High HDL cholesterol is generally beneficial and can decrease the risk of heart disease and stroke, while low HDL cholesterol can increase the risk of these conditions.

The ratio of total cholesterol to HDL cholesterol.

Significance: A higher ratio indicates a higher risk of heart disease and stroke.

A type of fat found in the blood.

Significance: High triglyceride levels can increase the risk of heart disease and stroke, while low triglyceride levels are generally not a concern.

A type of fat found in the blood.

Significance: High triglyceride levels can increase the risk of heart disease and stroke, while low triglyceride levels are generally not a concern.

A form of haemoglobin that reflects average blood sugar levels over the past 2-3 months.

Significance: Used to diagnose and monitor diabetes

Estimates kidney function based on creatinine levels

Significance: Evaluates kidney function

Electrolyte that plays a role in muscle and nerve function, blood clotting, and bone health

Significance: Helps diagnose and monitor calcium disorders

Chloride is an electrolyte that helps maintain the body’s acid-base balance and is important for proper cellular function.

Significance: Abnormal levels of chloride can indicate an electrolyte imbalance, kidney disease, or other health issues.

Magnesium is an essential mineral that plays a role in many bodily functions, including muscle and nerve function, blood sugar control, and bone health.

Significance: Abnormal levels of magnesium can indicate a magnesium deficiency, kidney disease, or other health issues.

Potassium is an electrolyte that plays a crucial role in many bodily functions, including heart and muscle function, fluid balance, and blood pressure regulation.

Significance: Abnormal levels of potassium can indicate an electrolyte imbalance, kidney disease, or other health issues.

An electrolyte that helps regulate the body’s fluid balance and is important for muscle and nerve function.

Significance: Low sodium levels (hyponatremia) can cause headaches, nausea, confusion, seizures, and other symptoms. High levels (hypernatremia) can cause thirst, fever, confusion, seizures, and other symptoms.

A waste product produced by the liver that is filtered out of the blood by the kidneys and excreted in urine.

Significance: Elevated levels can indicate kidney dysfunction or dehydration. Low levels are uncommon but can be caused by liver disease or a low protein diet.

A waste product produced by the breakdown of purines, which are found in many foods. High levels can cause gout, a painful joint condition.

Significance: Elevated levels can indicate gout or other health conditions, such as kidney disease or high blood pressure. Low levels are uncommon but may indicate liver disease or alcoholism.

An enzyme found in liver, bones, intestines and kidney.

Significance: Evaluates liver and bone health.

An enzyme found in liver and other tissues

Significance: Measures liver function.

An enzyme found mainly in the liver.

Significance: High levels may indicate liver or bile duct damage or disease, alcohol abuse, or certain medications.

A yellowish substance made during the body’s normal process of breaking down red blood cells

Significance: High levels may indicate liver or gallbladder disease, hemolytic anemia, or blockage of the bile ducts.

A protein made in the liver.

Significance: Low levels may indicate liver or kidney disease, malnutrition, or inflammation.

A protein that stores iron.

Significance: High levels may indicate iron overload, liver disease, inflammation, or certain cancers.

Essential mineral for bone and teeth health.

Significance: Important for many bodily functions, including muscle contraction and nerve function.

Iron is an essential mineral that helps to transport oxygen throughout the body.

Significance: Low levels of iron can lead to anemia, fatigue, and weakness.

Folic acid, or folate, is a B vitamin that is necessary for proper cell growth and development.

Significance: Low levels of folic acid can lead to anemia, birth defects in pregnant women, and increased risk of certain cancers.

Vitamin B12 is a nutrient that is important for proper nerve and blood cell function.

Significance: Low levels of vitamin B12 can lead to anemia, fatigue, and nerve damage.

Vitamin D is a nutrient that is necessary for proper bone health and immune function.

Significance: Low levels of vitamin D can lead to weakened bones, increased risk of infections, and other health problems.

A waste product from the breakdown of purines.

Significance: High levels can indicate gout or kidney disease.

Essential mineral for bone and teeth health.

Significance: Important for many bodily functions, including muscle contraction and nerve function.

Mineral that is important for bone health.

Significance: High levels can indicate kidney disease or hypoparathyroidism. Low levels can indicate malnutrition or vitamin D deficiency.

Vitamin D is a nutrient that is necessary for proper bone health and immune function.

Significance: Low levels of vitamin D can lead to weakened bones, increased risk of infections, and other health problems.

A protein made by the liver that helps maintain fluid balance in the body.

Significance: Used to assess liver and kidney function, nutritional status, and overall health.

Protein that stores iron.

Significance: Indicates iron stores in the body.

Measures the amount of unbound thyroid hormone in the blood.

Significance: Low levels may indicate an under-active thyroid, while high levels may indicate an overactive thyroid.

Measures the amount of active thyroid hormone in the blood.

Significance: Low levels may indicate an under-active thyroid, while high levels may indicate an overactive thyroid.

FSH is produced by the pituitary gland, which is a small gland below the brain. FSH plays an important role in regulating the menstrual cycle, ovulation, fertility, and the menopause.

Significance: High levels indicate menopause.

LH is produced by the pituitary gland, which is a small gland below the brain. LH plays an important role in regulating the menstrual cycle, ovulation, fertility, and Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS).

Significance: Important for female sexual development and reproductive function

Ferritin levels can help diagnose iron deficiency, liver disease, inflammation, or insulin resistance. Ferritin is a protein that stores iron in cells and then releases the iron when the body makes more red blood cells.

Vitamin D deficiency is widely under-diagnosed and under-treated. Over time, low levels can lead to hypothyroidism, osteoporosis, cancer, heart disease, fatigue, depression, seasonal affective disorder (SAD), gut issues, and fibromyalgia. The role of vitamin D is vast and benefits the immune system, thyroid, bones and teeth, muscles, and brain.

Calcium levels help understand symptoms related to the kidneys, bones, thyroid, parathyroid, or nerves. Calcium is a mineral the body uses to build and maintain strong bones, teeth, muscle control, and blood circulation.

Potassium levels can detect kidney disease, liver disease, heart failure, high blood pressure, or other disorders. As an electrolyte, potassium helps muscles contract, digestion, nerves transport messages from brain to the body, and balance fluids and regulate blood pressure.